[69], Baptist missionary John Chamberlain, who visited the 1824 Ardh Kumbh Mela at Haridwar, stated that a large number of visitors came there for trade. It is believed that when the churning of the ocean of milk took place in Krutayug, the Kumbha Mela began. [34][35], This Hindu legend describes the creation of a "pot of amrita (nectar of immortality)" after the forces of good and evil churn the ocean of creation. [5][107] Pilgrimage and bathing in holy rivers with a motivation to do penance and as a means to self-purify has Vedic precedents and is discussed in the early dharma literature of Hinduism. The Nashik and Ujjain festivals have been celebrated in the same year or one year apart,[11] typically about 3 years after the Haridwar Kumbh Mela. On 30 September 2010, the Kumbh Mela featured in the second episode of the Sky One TV series "An Idiot Abroad" with Karl Pilkington visiting the festival. Harvard University, South Asia Institute (2015). [10], Kumbh Mela at Prayagrajis celebrated approximately 3 years after Kumbh at Haridwar and 3 years before Kumbh at Nashik and Ujjain (both of which are celebrated in the same year or one year apart). On 18 April 2010, a popular American morning show CBS News Sunday Morning extensively covered Haridwar's Kumbh Mela, calling it "The Largest Pilgrimage on Earth". [83], The historical and modern estimates of attendance vary greatly between sources. The gap between Prayag and Haridwar festivals is about 6 years, and both feature a Maha (major) and Ardha (half) Kumbh melas. Sie erzählt von einem Kampf der Götter um den Trank der Unsterblichkeit. The camping (santhas/akharas), food, water, sanitation, emergency health care, fire services, policing, disaster management preparations, the movement of people require significant prior planning. Kumbh Mela (IFA: ˌkʊm ˈmeɪlə) is in Hindoeïsme ’n massabedevaart waarin Hindoes saamkom om in ’n heilige rivier te bad. Mit dem Krugfest Kumbh Mela erinnern sich Hindus an eine besondere Legende. [59][62][63] At the 1760 Kumbh Mela in Haridwar, a clash broke out between Shaivite Gosains and Vaishnavite Bairagis (ascetics), resulting in hundreds of deaths. [29] In astrological texts, the term also refers to the zodiac sign of Aquarius. A Kumbh Mela, o grande festival que ocorre ao redor do Ganges, é uma celebração da criação. [68][69] The Prayagwal pandas initially went along, according to colonial records, but later resisted as the impact of the religious tax on the pilgrims became clear. Kumbh Mela: Hindus converge for largest-ever human gathering Hindu holy men take a dip at the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati rivers on Tuesday. The festival management workers have only two and a half months to start and complete the construction of all temporarily infrastructure necessary for the pilgrims, making the task even more challenging. [7] However, there is no historic literary evidence of these mass pilgrimages called "Kumbha Mela" prior to the 19th-century. [79] The Prayag Kumbh mela in 1885 became a source of scandal when a Muslim named Husain was appointed as the Kumbh Mela manager, and Indian newspaper reports stated that Husain had "organised a flotilla of festooned boats for the pleasure of European ladies and gentlemen, and entertained them with dancing girls, liquor and beef" as they watched the pilgrims bathing. [2], The Kumbh Mela at Ujjain began in the 18th century, when the Maratha ruler Ranoji Shinde invited ascetics from Nashik to Ujjain for a local festival. The dispute started over the bathing order, which then indicated status of the akharas. The government deployed police to gain this intelligence at the grassroots level of Kumbh Mela. [28], Many devout Hindus believe that the Kumbh mela originated in times immemorial and is attested in the Hindu mythology about Samudra manthan (lit. For example, the colonial era Imperial Gazetteer of India reported that between 2 and 2.5 million pilgrims attended the Kumbh mela in 1796 and 1808, then added these numbers may be exaggerations. [116] Amrita Kumbher Sandhane, a 1982 Bengali feature film directed by Dilip Roy, also documents the Kumbh Mela. The exact years – particularly for the Kumbh Melas at Ujjain and Nashik – have been a subject of dispute in the 20th-century. One of the longest sections about Prayag rivers and its significance to Hindu pilgrimage is found in chapters 103–112 of the Matsya Purana. Tradition holds that an elixir of immortality fell on each of these sites and that the rivers turn back into the elixir at a climactic moment, giving pilgrims the chance to bathe in the essence of purity, auspiciousness, and immortality. [105] After these river-side rituals, the pilgrim then takes a dip in the water, stands up, prays for a short while, then exits the river waters. Millions of Hindus are attending the Kumbh Mela festival in India - the biggest gathering of people in the world. Thousands of pilgrims in every form of transport as well as on foot marched to the pilgrimage site, dressed in colorful costumes, some without clothes, occasionally shouting "Mahadeo Bol" and "Bol, Bol" together. The right to be naga, or naked, is considered a sign of separation from the material world. For example, in Tamil Nadu, the Magha Mela with water-dip ritual is a festival of antiquity. [53] Both these Mughal era texts use the term "Kumbh Mela" to describe only Haridwar's fair, mentioning a similar fair held in Prayag and Nashik. Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 09h51min de 20 de setembro de 2019. [84], During World War II, the colonial government banned the Kumbh Mela to conserve scarce supplies of fuel. [68][69] This changed particularly after 1857. Kumbh Mela: the Greatest Festival on Earth The Kumbh Mela happens on a scale that is vast. The relative years vary between the four sites, but the cycle repeats about every 12 years. In order to define the actual kumbh Mela history, It is difficult to say when the Kumbh mela exactly started. [28][33] Thus, Kumbh Mela means an "assembly, meet, union" around "water or nectar of immortality". The Simhastha Kumbha Mela will take place in Ujjain this year from April 22nd to May 21st, 2016, during O Khumba Mela ou Kumbh Mela (de khumb, "pote" e mela, "festival") é o principal festival do hinduísmo, que ocorre quatro vezes a cada doze anos na Índia, rodando por quatro cidades: Prayagraj, Ujjain, Nashik e Haridwar. Of these, four sites are broadly recognised as the Kumbh Melas: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Trimbak-Nashik and Ujjain. [81] Prayagwals objected to and campaigned against the colonial government supported Christian missionaries and officials who treated them and the pilgrims as "ignorant co-religionists" and who aggressively tried to convert the Hindu pilgrims to a Christian sect. At night the river banks and camps illuminated with oil lamps, fireworks burst over the river, and innumerable floating lamps set by the pilgrims drifted downstream of the river. The 7th-century Buddhist Chinese traveller Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) mentions king Harsha and his capital of Prayag, which he states to be a sacred Hindu city with hundreds of "deva temples" and two Buddhist institutions. [105], Other activities at the mela include religious discussions (pravachan), devotional singing (kirtan), and religious assemblies where doctrines are debated and standardised (shastrartha). [7] However, there is no historic literary evidence that he actually did start the Kumbh melas. The sangam site is known as Prayag, sometimes Tirtharaj (. These are in the form of Snana (bathe) ritual and in the form of Prayag Mahatmya (greatness of Prayag, historical tour guides in Sanskrit). "[42] In Anushasana parva, after the war, the epic elaborates this bathing pilgrimage as "geographical tirtha" that must be combined with manasa-tirtha (tirtha of the heart) whereby one lives by values such as truth, charity, self-control, patience and others. However, they have been more than a religious event to the Hindu community. will you go there ? What is Kumbh mela ? [5] In Tirthayatra Parva, before the great war, the epic states "the one who observes firm [ethical] vows, having bathed at Prayaga during Magha, O best of the Bharatas, becomes spotless and reaches heaven. There is ample evidence in historic manuscripts[which? The Maha Kumbh, which occurs every 12 Purna Kumbh Melas i.e. 12.04.2016 - gatering of th holy people. Man nennt sie "Sadhus", die "Heiligen". [123] The clip also called on the Mujahideen to use different tactics like poisoning the food, use trucks or at least try to derail a train. [81], The Kumbh Mela continued to play an important role in the independence movement through 1947, as a place where the native people and politicians periodically gathered in large numbers. Traditionally, on amavasya – the most cherished day for bathing – the Hindu pilgrims welcome and wait for the thirteen sadhu akharas to bathe first. [53][68] The British officials, states Dubey, raised the tax to amount greater than average monthly income and the attendance fell drastically. The last Mahakumbh Mela at Allahabad in 2001 was the largest gatheri… Two major groups that participate in the Kumbh Mela include the Sadhus (Hindu holy men) and pilgrims. The gods and demons fight over this pot, the "kumbh," of nectar in order to gain immortality. Segundo a cosmologia hindu, o rio Ganges tem origem nos céus. They also have been a central attraction and a stop for mainstream Hindus who seek their darsana (meeting, view) as well as spiritual guidance and blessings. This ancient northern Indian festival is a meeting of mystical minds. Nackt und besitzlos leben sie nur für Gott und das Jenseits. Madan Prasad Bezbaruah, Dr. Krishna Gopal, Phal S. Girota, 2003. [58] By the 18th-century, many of these had organised into one of thirteen akharas (warrior ascetic bands, monastic militia), of which ten were related to Hinduism and three related to Sikhism. Cada ciclo de doze anos inclui o Maha Kumbha Mela (maha = maior) em Prayagraj, onde milhões de devotos hindus se reúnem para se banhar no Sangam, local de encontro dos rios sagrados Ganges, Yamuna e Saraswati para se purificar, naquele que é o maior festival religioso do mundo. Approximately once a century, the Kumbh mela returns after 11 years. The 4 places of ‘Kumbh Mela’ are symbols of 4 directions. ˈku̇mməˌlä noun Usage: usually capitalized K&M Etymology: Hindi kumbh melā festival in the sign of the zodiac Aquarius, from Sanskrit kumbha pot, Aquarius + melā assembly more at hump, militate : a Hindu festival occurring once every 12 years in… [55] Like the priests at Prayag, those at Nashik and Ujjain, competing with other places for a sacred status, may have adopted the Kumbh tradition for their pre-existing Magha melas.

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